Get Library and Folder from document Id

SP.File file = Context.Web.GetFileById(documentGuid);
Context.Load(file);
Context.ExecuteQuery();

if (file.ServerObjectIsNull != null)
{
    //File has been loaded..
}

var file = Context.Web.GetFileById(documentGuid);
Context.Load(file,i => i.ListItemAllFields);
Context.ExecuteQuery();
var folder = Context.Web.GetFolderByServerRelativeUrl((string)file.ListItemAllFields["FileDirRef"]);
Context.Load(folder);
Context.ExecuteQuery();

var file = Context.Web.GetFileById(documentGuid);
var item = file.ListItemAllFields;
Context.Load(item.ParentList, l => l.RootFolder);
Context.ExecuteQuery();
var listUrl = item.ParentList.RootFolder.ServerRelativeUrl;

    SP.File file = Context.Web.GetFileById(documentGuid);
    SP.ListItem item = file.ListItemAllFields;
    var list = item.ParentList;
    Context.Load(list, l => l.Title, l => l.RootFolder);
    Context.Load(item);
    Context.ExecuteQuery(); //<- submit a single batch query

public class SPDataAccess
{

    public SPDataAccess(SP.ClientContext ctx)
    {
        Context = ctx;
    }

    public LibraryAndFolderInfo GetLibraryAndFolderInfo(Guid documentGuid)
    {
        var file = Context.Web.GetFileById(documentGuid);
        var item = file.ListItemAllFields;
        var list = item.ParentList;
        Context.Load(list, l => l.Title, l => l.RootFolder);
        Context.Load(item);
        Context.ExecuteQuery();


        var info = new LibraryAndFolderInfo();
        var folderUrl = (string)item["FileDirRef"];
        info.LibraryName = list.Title; //list title
        info.LibraryBaseUrl = list.RootFolder.ServerRelativeUrl; //list url  
        if (folderUrl.Replace(list.RootFolder.ServerRelativeUrl, string.Empty).Length > 0)
        {
            info.FolderName = folderUrl.Split('/').Last(); //folder name
            info.FolderUrl = folderUrl;
        }

        return info;
    }

    protected SP.ClientContext Context { get; private set; }
}